Real-time PCR plays a foundational role in gene expression studies, disease analysis, and molecular diagnostics. However, success depends on precise reaction setup, optimized assays, and accurate ...

Multiplexed pathogen detection is pivotal for the simultaneous identification of multiple nucleic acid targets in clinical diagnostics. Fluorescent reporters are widely employed for real-time ...

This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Qingdao Municipal Hospital (approval No. 2024-KY-035) and was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written ...