Pioneered by Allen in 1992 1, light beams with the phase dependence of \(e^{i\ell \phi }\) carry OAM, independent of the polarization state, where \(\phi\) is the azimuthal angle, and \(\ell\) ...

Waveguides, channels guiding electromagnetic waves, have long been a cornerstone of technology due to their diverse applications in telecommunications, sensing, and advanced laser systems 1,2,3,4,5.

The first theoretical models of the propagation of an electromagnetic field in a waveguide date back to the second half of the 19th century (Hertz, Debye, Rayleigh). The technological fallout for long ...

For most design engineers, study of waveguide technology ended when they got their last degree. The only time waveguide comes up is to use it as a last resort in applications such as millimeter-wave ...