Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is the gold standard for sample preparation in chromatographic analysis. It is used to capture, clean, and concentrate samples while removing interfering compounds, ...

Marine phytoplankton and bacterioplankton produce and transform organic matter, driving marine biogeochemical cycles. The availability of inorganic nutrients has long been recognized as an important ...

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl (PFAS) substances are extremely persistent in the environment and can accumulate in the human body over time, causing adverse health effects. Due to their hazardous ...

Traditional solid phase extraction (SPE) revolutionized sample preparation, but it often involves high solvent consumption and complex procedures. Micro solid phase extraction (μSPE) offers a ...