Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Manufacturers today face many hurdles in their manufacturing applications. Process parameters can range from one application to the next. While some applications require very little precision and ...

First, the design of deep-space open-loop velocity measurement on the basis of China’s DSN (CDSN) is presented. The process of deep-space open-loop velocity measurement contains six steps. First, ...