Abstract: The issue of designing a high performance controller to track a desired system trajectory is one of most important problems in control theory and practice. More recently, there has been a ...

The PID controller is so called because it combines Proportion P , Integral I with Differential D of the deviation via linear means, and constitutes the control variable to have the object controlled.

Abstract: PID parameter optimization is an important problem in control field. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is powerful stochastic evolutionary algorithm that is used to find the global optimum ...