Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are favored in industrial applications for their durability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, yet face challenges such as torque ripple and nonlinear magnetic ...

The heuristic function \(\eta_{ij} \left( t \right)\) was calculated based on the distance and angle from the current node to the target node. It makes path search more directional. A pheromone ...

Combining ideas inspired by ant colonies and flocks of birds may hold the key to unlocking more effective artificial ...