Atomic-scale defects govern many functional properties of materials, yet their systematic identification and quantification remain challenging because supervised learning approaches require extensive ...

Researchers have tested eight stand-alone deep learning methods for PV cell fault detection and have found that their accuracy was as high as 73%. All methods were trained and tested on the ELPV ...

As the backbone of modern infrastructure, concrete structures serve as critical load-bearing elements in bridges, dams, and high-rise buildings worldwide. However, these essential components are ...